Thursday 28 November 2013

PRONUNCIATION RULES

PRONUNCIATION RULES
Plural Marker(-s) Rule

There are three ways of pronouncing the plural suffix ‘s’.
If the word ends in one of the voiceless sounds – (/p/, /t/, /k/, /θ/, /f/) then the plural marker ‘s’ attached to it is pronounced /s/.

caps   - /kæps/                      books- /bʊks/
bats  - /bæts/                        maths- /mæθs/
laughs- /lɑ:fs/                        tips - /tɪps/

If the word ends in one of the voiced sounds (/b/, /d/, /ɡ/, /ð/, /v/, /n/, /m/, /l/, /r/) or any vowel sounds (which are also voiced) then the plural marker ‘s’ attached to it is pronounced /z/.

tubs                 / tʌbz/
rooms              / ru:mz /
bags                 / ɡz/
wells                /welz/
swords             / sɔ:dz/

If the word ends with sibilants, (voiceless /s/, /ʃ/,/tʃ/ and their voiced counterparts /z/, /ʒ/, /dʒ/) then the plural marker s attached to it is pronounced /Iz/.

badges             / bædʒIz/
boxes               / bɒksIz/
wishes             / wɪʃIz/
faces                / feɪsIz/

Past Tense Marker (-ed) Rule
If a verb ends in a voiceless sound except /t/  i.e, if it ends in (p, t, k, f, s, θ, ʃ or tʃ) then ed is  pronounced /t/. 

picked             / pɪkt/
coughed          / kɒft/
washed          / wɒʃt/
latched           / lætʃt/
briefed             / bri:ft/

If a verb ends in a voiced sound except /d/ i.e., if it ends in /b/, /ɡ/,/ð/, /v/, /n/, /m/, /l/, /r/, /z/, /ʒ/, /dʒ/) or a vowel, then the past tense (-ed) is pronounced /d/.

dined               / daɪnd/
boiled              / bɔɪld/
mobbed           / mɒbd/
bathed             / beɪðd/


If a verb ends in either /t/ or /d/ then –‘ed’ is pronounced /Id/.
funded              / fʌndɪd/
fitted               / fɪtɪd/
repeated          / rɪ:pi:tɪd/
guarded           /ɡɑ:dɪd/


SYLLABLE

SYLLABLE
            The smallest unit of speech is a phoneme (/p/ in pot, /b/ in bat).  A unit higher than the sound unit i.e, (phoneme) is a syllable. A syllable is a unit of sound consisting of a vowel and/or one or more consonant sounds that can be produced in one effort. A word is made up of either one syllable, two or three or more syllables. For example say the words ‘friend’, ‘beauty’, ‘decision’, and ‘technology’ aloud. You will find that you say the first word in one flow of breath, the second in two, the third in three and the fourth in four. Hence, ‘friend’ is monosyllabic, ‘beauty’ is disyllabic, ‘decision’ is trisyllabic and ‘technology’ is polysyllabic. Remember that every syllable has a vowel as its nucleus and it may or may not be preceded or followed by one or more consonants. Syllables are often considered the phonological "building blocks" of words. They can influence the rhythm of a language, its prosody, its poetic meter and its stress patterns. This ‘syllable’ is important when we deal with the rules of aspiration and word accent.
A word that consists of a single syllable is called a monosyllabic (like friend).
            A word that consists of two syllables is called disyllabic (like beau-ty).
            A word that consists of three syllables is called trisyllable (like de-ci-sion)
A word that consists of more than three syllables is called polysyllable 
 (like hos-pi-ta-li-ty)


Monosyllabic
Disyllabic
Trisyllabic
Polysyllabic
Aim
Art
Best
Bag
Calm
Cloud
Dawn
Dust
Dare
Earth
Earn
Friend
Film
Game
Heart
Knight
Town
Temple
Action
Answer
Better
Business
City
Dollar
English
Foreign
Garden
Healthy
Interest
Jealous
Kitchen
Letter
Measure
Nation
System
water
Accident
Argument
Beautiful
Character
Company
Confidence
Educate
Excellent
Family
Glorious
Holiday
Industry
Instrument
Library
Memory
Moderate
Ornament
popular
Benevolent
Caterpillar
Democratic
Encyclopedia
Economically
Fragmentation
Gynecologist
Hospitality
Infrastructure
Jurisdiction
Laboratory
Manufacture
Nationality
Optimistic
Parliamentary
Reinforcement
Satisfaction
Technology

ENGLISH COMMUNICATION LAB PRACTICE MATERIAL

ENGLISH COMMUNICATION LAB PRACTICE MATERIAL

Identify Plosives from the following sounds.


/pi:pl/            
 /əpɪə/        
/rɪpeə/  
 /ɒpəreɪʃn/ 
/səpɔt/        
 /pɔ:/
/preʃə/ 
 /pleɪn/   
/bʊk/
/səpɔt/
/əbaʊt/
/sʌbdʒekt/
/bju:tɪfl/
/bɑ:skɪt/
/ətæk/
/tʌf/
/hæbɪt/
/lɒfti/
/təʊst/
/dɪlaɪt/
/rəʊd/
/prɒdʌkt/
/reɪzd/
/wɪndəʊ/
/ɡʊd/
lædieɪtə/
/bɪˈɡɪn/

/nævɪɡeɪt/
/fɒɡ/



Identify Affricates from the following sounds.


/tʃeri/
/mɜ:tʃənt/
/kætʃ/
/fi:tʃə/
/tʃeɪn/
/dʒæm/
/dʒɔɪnt/
/mɑ:dʒɪn/
/hju:dʒ/
/spʌndʒ/
/frædʒaɪl/
/dʒest/


 Identify Fricatives from the following sounds.


/faɪnd/
/fri:dəm/
/dɪfend/
/kʌmfət/
/li:f/
/kɒf/
/li:v/
/kʌvə/
/vɪktəri/
/veɪn/
/rɪvju:/
/θi:f/
/θɪŋk/
/helθ/
/welθi/
/meθəd/
/ ðæt/
/ɡæðə/
/ kləʊð/
/fɑ:ðə/
/ðəʊ/
/sɜ:v/
/eseɪ/
/wɪspə/
/feɪməs/
/sɪmpl/
/ʊn/
/bʊzəm/
/hʌzbənd/
/rəʊz/
/ nɔɪz/
/ʃʊɡə/
/mɪʃn/
/wɒʃ/
/fɪnɪʃ/
/məʃi:n/
/pleʒə/
/leʒə/
/kənfju:ʒn/
/bærɑ:ʒ/
/presti:ʒ/
/pəhæps/
/enihaʊ/
/hæpi/
/ədhɪə/
/hi:t/


  
Identify Nasals from the following sounds.


/mædʒɪk/
/mænʃn/
/sɜ:mən/
/əmʌŋ/
/kəndem/
/ɡeɪm/
/nærəʊ/
/wʌndə/
/nɑ:sti/
/ɑ:nsə/
/vɪʒn/
/lɪsn/
/sɪŋə/
/ɪŋɡlɪʃ/
/læŋɡwɪdʒ/
/rɒŋ/
/brɪŋ/



Identify Lateral from the following sounds.


/lʊk/
/ləbɒrətri/
/fu:lɪʃ/
/mæntl/
/templ/
/lɪtl/
/sætʃəl/
/ sɪlekt/


Identify Retroflex from the following sounds.


/rɔɪəl/
/ rəʊm/
/ærəʊ/
/mɪrə/
/hʌri/
/rɪðəm/


Identify Semi-vowels from the following sounds.


/ ji:ld/
/jʌŋ/
/dju:ti/
/kju:/
/əkju:z/
/feɪljə/
/wed/
/ weɪv/
/ kwi:n/
/ sweə/
/əkweɪnt/
/ twaɪs/



From the given transcription write down the words in ordinary spelling


/praim/
/dain/
/rein/
/sæd/
/gla:ns/
/grænd/
/si:v/
/dju:p/
/ful/
/bɜ:θ/
/kɜ:s/
/plein/
/fɜ:st/
/frʌnt/
/fut/
/wɜ:s/
/hauz/
/pu:l/
/pa:ti/
/biəd/
/ʌpset/
/kɔin/
/hɔ:s/
/tiə/
/tɔ:kətiv/
/simpli/